Element 83
Bismuth (Bi)
Bismuth (Bi) is element 83 of the periodic table, a post-transition metal in period 6, group 15 (p-block) with an atomic mass of 208.98 and is a solid at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 83
- Symbol
- Bi
- Atomic mass
- 208.98 u
- Category
- Post-transition metals
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 15
- Block
- p-block
- Phase at STP
- solid
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s2 6p3
- Shorthand configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
- Oxidation states
- -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 544.55 K
- Boiling point
- 1837 K
- Density
- 9.807 g/cm3
- Phase
- solid
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 2.02
- Atomic radius
- 143 pm
- Covalent radius
- 148 pm
- Van der Waals radius
- 207 pm
- First ionization energy
- 703 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 91 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bi-209 | 208.9804 | 100% | Stable |
Common uses
- Medicine
- Cosmetics
- Low-melting alloys
- Fire sprinklers
Discovery
- Year
- 1753
- Discovered by
- Claude François Geoffroy
- Country
- France