Element 79
Gold (Au)
Gold (Au) is element 79 of the periodic table, a transition metal in period 6, group 11 (d-block) with an atomic mass of 196.97 and is a solid at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 79
- Symbol
- Au
- Atomic mass
- 196.97 u
- Category
- Transition metals
- Period
- 6
- Group
- 11
- Block
- d-block
- Phase at STP
- solid
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 6s1
- Shorthand configuration
- [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
- Oxidation states
- -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +5
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1337.33 K
- Boiling point
- 3129 K
- Density
- 19.282 g/cm3
- Phase
- solid
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 2.54
- Atomic radius
- 174 pm
- Covalent radius
- 136 pm
- Van der Waals radius
- 166 pm
- First ionization energy
- 890 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 223 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Au-197 | 196.96657 | 100% | Stable |
Common uses
- Jewelry
- Currency
- Electronics
- Dentistry
Discovery
- Discovered by
- Known since antiquity
- Country
- Unknown