Element 60
Neodymium (Nd)
Neodymium (Nd) is element 60 of the periodic table, a lanthanide in period 6 (f-block) with an atomic mass of 144.24 and is a solid at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 60
- Symbol
- Nd
- Atomic mass
- 144.24 u
- Category
- Lanthanides
- Period
- 6
- Block
- f-block
- Phase at STP
- solid
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f4 5s2 5p6 6s2
- Shorthand configuration
- [Xe] 4f4 6s2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
- Oxidation states
- +2, +3, +4
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1297 K
- Boiling point
- 3347 K
- Density
- 7.007 g/cm3
- Phase
- solid
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.14
- Atomic radius
- 206 pm
- Covalent radius
- 201 pm
- First ionization energy
- 533 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 50 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nd-142 | 141.90773 | 27.15% | Stable |
Common uses
- Powerful magnets
- Lasers
- Glass coloring
- Wind turbines
Discovery
- Year
- 1885
- Discovered by
- Carl Auer von Welsbach
- Country
- Austria