Element 7
Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen (N) is element 7 of the periodic table, a reactive nonmetal in period 2, group 15 (p-block) with an atomic mass of 14.007 and is a gas at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 7
- Symbol
- N
- Atomic mass
- 14.007 u
- Category
- Reactive nonmetals
- Period
- 2
- Group
- 15
- Block
- p-block
- Phase at STP
- gas
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p3
- Shorthand configuration
- [He] 2s2 2p3
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 5
- Oxidation states
- -3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 63.15 K
- Boiling point
- 77.36 K
- Density
- 0.0012506 g/cm3
- Phase
- gas
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 3.04
- Atomic radius
- 56 pm
- Covalent radius
- 71 pm
- Van der Waals radius
- 155 pm
- First ionization energy
- 1402 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- -7 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| N-14 | 14.00307 | 99.63% | Stable |
Common uses
- Fertilizers
- Explosives
- Food preservation
- Cryogenics
Discovery
- Year
- 1772
- Discovered by
- Daniel Rutherford
- Country
- Scotland