Element 16
Sulfur (S)
Sulfur (S) is element 16 of the periodic table, a reactive nonmetal in period 3, group 16 (p-block) with an atomic mass of 32.06 and is a solid at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 16
- Symbol
- S
- Atomic mass
- 32.06 u
- Category
- Reactive nonmetals
- Period
- 3
- Group
- 16
- Block
- p-block
- Phase at STP
- solid
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
- Shorthand configuration
- [Ne] 3s2 3p4
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 6
- Oxidation states
- -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 388.36 K
- Boiling point
- 717.87 K
- Density
- 2.067 g/cm3
- Phase
- solid
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 2.58
- Atomic radius
- 88 pm
- Covalent radius
- 105 pm
- Van der Waals radius
- 180 pm
- First ionization energy
- 1000 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 200 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| S-32 | 31.97207 | 94.99% | Stable |
Common uses
- Sulfuric acid
- Fertilizers
- Rubber vulcanization
- Gunpowder
Discovery
- Discovered by
- Known since antiquity
- Country
- Unknown