Element 23
Vanadium (V)
Vanadium (V) is element 23 of the periodic table, a transition metal in period 4, group 5 (d-block) with an atomic mass of 50.942 and is a solid at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 23
- Symbol
- V
- Atomic mass
- 50.942 u
- Category
- Transition metals
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 5
- Block
- d-block
- Phase at STP
- solid
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2
- Shorthand configuration
- [Ar] 3d3 4s2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 11, 2
- Oxidation states
- -3, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 2183 K
- Boiling point
- 3680 K
- Density
- 6.11 g/cm3
- Phase
- solid
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.63
- Atomic radius
- 171 pm
- Covalent radius
- 153 pm
- First ionization energy
- 651 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 51 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| V-51 | 50.94396 | 99.75% | Stable |
Common uses
- Steel alloys
- Aerospace
- Batteries
- Catalysts
Discovery
- Year
- 1801
- Discovered by
- Andrés Manuel del Río
- Country
- Mexico