Element 28
Nickel (Ni)
Nickel (Ni) is element 28 of the periodic table, a transition metal in period 4, group 10 (d-block) with an atomic mass of 58.693 and is a solid at standard conditions.
At a glance
- Atomic number
- 28
- Symbol
- Ni
- Atomic mass
- 58.693 u
- Category
- Transition metals
- Period
- 4
- Group
- 10
- Block
- d-block
- Phase at STP
- solid
Electron structure
- Electron configuration
- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2
- Shorthand configuration
- [Ar] 3d8 4s2
- Electrons per shell
- 2, 8, 16, 2
- Oxidation states
- -2, -1, +1, +2, +3, +4
Physical properties
- Melting point
- 1728 K
- Boiling point
- 3186 K
- Density
- 8.912 g/cm3
- Phase
- solid
Atomic properties
- Electronegativity (Pauling)
- 1.91
- Atomic radius
- 149 pm
- Covalent radius
- 124 pm
- Van der Waals radius
- 163 pm
- First ionization energy
- 737 kJ/mol
- Electron affinity
- 112 kJ/mol
Notable isotopes
| Isotope | Mass | Abundance | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ni-58 | 57.93535 | 68.08% | Stable |
Common uses
- Stainless steel
- Coins
- Batteries
- Electroplating
Discovery
- Year
- 1751
- Discovered by
- Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
- Country
- Sweden