Element 30

Zinc (Zn)

Transition metal · Period 4 · Group 12 · d-block

Zinc (Zn) is element 30 of the periodic table, a transition metal in period 4, group 12 (d-block) with an atomic mass of 65.38 and is a solid at standard conditions.

At a glance

Atomic number
30
Symbol
Zn
Atomic mass
65.38 u
Category
Transition metals
Period
4
Group
12
Block
d-block
Phase at STP
solid

Electron structure

Electron configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2
Shorthand configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 2
Oxidation states
-2, +1, +2

Physical properties

Melting point
692.68 K
Boiling point
1180 K
Density
7.134 g/cm3
Phase
solid

Atomic properties

Electronegativity (Pauling)
1.65
Atomic radius
142 pm
Covalent radius
122 pm
Van der Waals radius
139 pm
First ionization energy
906 kJ/mol
Electron affinity
0 kJ/mol

Notable isotopes

IsotopeMassAbundanceStability
Zn-6463.9291548.63%Stable

Common uses

  • Galvanizing steel
  • Batteries
  • Alloys
  • Sunscreen

Discovery

Year
1746
Discovered by
Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
Country
Germany

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